






                       "100 Squared"TM System Documentation

                                 By NEW MICROS INC.
                                 1601 Chalk Hill Rd.
                                 Dallas, Texas 75212


























          Covers: NMIX-0021 Rev. 1.0 10/10/86
                  NMIX-0022 Rev. 1.0
                  NMIT-0021 Rev. 1.0
                  NMIT-0022 Rev. 1.0
                  NMIX-0021 Rev. 2.0 & 2.1 12/13/87
                  NMIX-0022 Rev. 2.0 & 2.1
                  NMIT-0021 Rev. 2.0 & 2.1
                  NMIT-0022 Rev. 2.0 & 2.1



















                                   Getting Started

          The "100 Squared"TM, when purchased in development configuration,
          is complete and ready to run.  To operate the system, plug in the
          wall transformer and connect a  terminal  to  the  serial  RS-232
          DB25F connector.   Most terminals should plug in directly, with a
          straight through cable (ie: pin 1 to pin 1,  2  to  2,  3  to  3,
          etc.).  The"100  Squared"TM uses only lines 2 and 3 for serial in
          and serial out respectively,  and pins 1 and 7 for ground.   Many
          terminals require additional handshaking signals to work, so pins
          4 and 5 are hooked together on the DB25F connector, as are pins 6
          and  20.    In this way the terminals that require the additional
          handshake signal have their own " clear  to  send"  /  "ready  to
          send"  and  "data  terminal  ready"  /  "data  set ready" signals
          wrapped back around, indicating "always ready".

          In order to talk to the "100 Squared"TM the  terminal  must  have
          the  correct  bit settings.   The baud rate should be set at 9600
          baud for 2 Mhz systems (8 Mhz crystal), 4800 for 1 Mhz systems (4
          Mhz crystal).   The "100 Squared"TM  sends  and  receives  a  bit
          protocol of one start bit, eight data bits and one stop bits.

              ---+   +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------------
                 | S | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | S |
                 +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

          When  the  terminal is set correctly,  every time you depress and
          release the red reset button the "100 Squared"TM  should  respond
          with:

          Max-FORTH Vx.x

          Seeing   that  message  means  the  terminal  can  see  the  "100
          Squared"TM.   Press "return" on your terminal several times.   If
          the "100 Squared"TM responds with "OK" each time,  communications
          are established.

          Now you will want to see the system do something.  Type WORDS fol-
          lowed by a return.  This will cause the system to list its entire
          vocabulary,  some 200+ words.   The listing can be stopped at any
          time by pressing a key, like the space bar.

          When the F68HC11 powers up,  it assumes nothing else on the board
          is working, so it defaults to its own internal RAM.   As a result
          there is a limited terminal input buffer area (16 characters) and
          dictionary  space.   The "100 Squared"TM provides external memory
          expansion.   You now need to tell the system to move its terminal
          input  buffer  and dictionary to external memory.   If the RAM is
          installed at 0100-1FFF (factory default for single  8K  RAM)  the
          following will accomplish that.


          HEX
          100 TIB !
          50 TIB 2+ !
          200 DP !

                                          1





          Now try a simple program to exercise some of these words.  Enter:

          : TYPE-LETTERS 5B 41 DO I EMIT LOOP ;
          TYPE-LETTERS

          to which the machine will respond:

          : TYPE-LETTERS 5B 41 DO I EMIT LOOP ; OK
          TYPE-LETTERS ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZOK

          Now have a look at memory with the DUMP command. Type:

          0000 80 DUMP

          and examine the results (remember we put the machine in HEX).
          Try  another WORDS and observe the first word displayed.   It has
          become the word TYPE-LETTERS entered above.

          Your "100 Squared"TM is  now  running  and  communicating  as  it
          should.    Its time to begin your design project by learning more
          about how to use the "100 Squared"TM.

          The "100 Squared"TM,  when purchased in the generic  target  con-
          figuration,  is  a  minimum,  5  Volt only,  configuration.   The
          F68HC11,  Xtal,  reset circuit,  various HC "glue" components and
          three  28 pin JEDEC sockets.   Typically,  a program developed in
          the "development configured"  board  will  be  installed  in  the
          "generic  target  configured" board for production of a dedicated
          application.   The user must  install  the  appropriate  jumpers,
          which are not provided in the target configuration.

          All  configurations  of  the F68HC11 based "100 Squared"TM boards
          use the same base PC board.   This includes  the  NMIX-0021,  the
          NMIX-0022,  the NMIT-0021 and the NMIT-0022.   Configuration dif-
          ferences refer to the extent to which the board  is  filled  with
          components.




















                                          2




                                   PARALLEL PORTS

          The F68HC11 has five parallel ports,  Port A, B, C, D and E.  Al-
          though some port lines have special multiplexed  functions,  they
          can  all  be  used as inputs or as outputs according to their in-
          dividual  designs.    Some  of  the  port  lines  have  direction
          registers  allowing  them to be used as either inputs or outputs.
          Two ports of the F86HC11 are sacrificed to create an 64K  address
          and  data  bus.    The  68HC24 simulates the replacement of those
          ports.   Three ports of the F68HC11 and two replacement ports  of
          the 68HC24 are brought out to connector J2.  Power and ground are
          also available on J2.

                            "100 SQUARED"TM DOCUMENTATION
                                INPUT/OUTPUT JACKS J2

                                       TOP VIEW
                FRONT (EDGE) OF CARD v
                                  - X PA7 o o PA6 O
                                  | O PA5 o o PA4 O
                                  | O PA3 o o PA2 I
                                  | I PA1 o o PA0 I
                  20 pin header   |    +5 o o +5
                  group           |   GND o o GND
                                  | O PB7 o o PB6 O
                                  | O PB5 o o PB4 O
                                  | O PB3 o o PB2 O
                                  - O PB1 o o PB0 O
                                       +5 o o +5
                                      GND o o GND
                                  - X PC7 o o PC6 X
                                  | X PC5 o o PC4 X
                                  | X PC3 o o PC2 X
                                  | X PC1 o o PC0 X
                                  |    +5 o o +5
                                  |   GND o o GND
                                  | O PD7 o o PD6 I
                                  | X PD5 o o PD4 X
                  34 pin header   | X PD3 o o PD2 X
                  group           | X PD1 o o PD0 X
                                  |    +5 o o +5
                                  |   GND o o GND
                                  | I PE7 o o PE6 I
                                  | I PE5 o o PE4 I
                                  | I PE3 o o PE2 I
                                  | I PE1 o o PE0 I
                                  -    +5 o o +5
                                      GND o o GND

                              I=INPUT O=OUTPUT X=EITHER

           F68HC11 "100 SQUARED"TM NMIX-0022 REV 1.0 & 2.x BOARDS 11/13/87





                                          3




          The  lines can be used as individual inputs or outputs or in com-
          bination.  There are very few applications,  however,  where pins
          are switched dynamically,  sometimes used as inputs, sometimes as
          outputs.

          The simplest form of input device  is  a  switch  to  ground,  to
          create  a  low level when the switch is closed,  with a pullup to
          give a high level when the switch is open.  This  switch  can  be
          breaker  points,  reed switch,  the contacts of a relay,  micros-
          witch,  etc.   To try an example of this type input,  hook  up  a
          simple  push  button switch to Port A Line 0 (PA0) with a 10K ohm
          pull up resistor to +5.


















          The following program will show the current state of the  switch.
          Enter  LOOK  after  pushing reset.   (Reset sets the ports to all
          "ones".)

          B000 CONSTANT PA
          : SWITCH PA C@ 1 AND ;
          : CHECK-STATE IF ." OPEN" ELSE ." CLOSED" THEN CR ;
          : LOOK SWITCH BEGIN SWITCH 2DUP = IF DROP ELSE SWAP 0=
            CHECK-STATE THEN ?TERMINAL UNTIL ;
          LOOK

          Whenever the switch changes state,  open or closed,  the computer
          follows with a written report.

          Other possible input devices are shown here.












                                          4












          Note  that due to the 10K pull up on the port,  the "switch" must
          sink .5 ma to ground with no more voltage rise  than  an  HC  low
          level  (2/10ths of Vcc) at the pin.   (A voltage of 7/10 Vcc will
          always be recognised as a logical one.)  Voltages  applied  above
          Vdd or below 0 Volts can damage the computer.

          The  outputs  of the F68HC11 and 68HC24 can sink 1.6 ma to ground
          while letting the pin go no higher than 0.4 Volts  for  a  "zero"
          and source about .8 ma at 4.5 Volts for a "one".  In terms of con-
          trol,  this is a very small signal.   Most relays require over 50
          times more current to operate.   LED's typically take 5 ma to  be
          visible.    HC  levels  are such that the output is sufficient to
          drive the input on one pin of one TTL device or about a dozen  of
          the lower power LSTTL inputs.   The output is sufficient to drive
          VMOS FET's and Darlingtons with an external pull up which can  in
          turn control several amps of current.  Usually, however, a buffer
          will be needed to do serious non-HC interfacing.
































                                          5




          To  test  the  output capabilities,  wire one of the two circuits
          shown here or use an oscilloscope or logic probe.













          When the output is a "1" the LED will be on.   When the output is
          a  "0" the LED will be off.   The following program will exercise
          the outputs of the 68HC24.

          : RUN-UP FF B007 C! 0 BEGIN 1+ DUP B003 ! ?TERMINAL UNTIL ;

          Notice that the low lines of Port B are changing so fast the  LED
          appears to be on continuously at low brightness.  Higher numbered
          Port  B lines and Port C lines toggle at slower rates.   Each bit
          position toggles at 1/2 the speed of the next lower bit.
































                                          6




                                     SERIAL I/O

          The F68HC11 has  a  full  duplex  hardware  serial  channel  that
          operates at HC levels.  To use this serial channel with most stan-
          dard  communications  interfaces,  level  converters  are needed.
          Drivers for RS-232C and IEEE 422/485 drivers are on  the  boards.
          (It  should  be noted that only one combination of RS-232 driver,
          RS-422 drivers or RS-485 driver should be used  at  one  time  to
          avoid contention of their receiver outputs.)

          A  zero  by  RS-232C  specification is any voltage from +3 to +15
          Volts, a one is between -3 and -15 Volts.  To convert the HC sig-
          nals to the voltage ranges of that interface standard,  the  "100
          Squared"TM Rev. 1.0 uses a single 16 pin device, the MC145406.

          The circuit is shown here.













          The 145406 is ideally suited for this use.   It not only provides
          an RS-232 receiver and transmitter pair for the  F68HC11  proces-
          sor,  but  also  two  spare RS-232 receiver and transmitter pairs
          which can be used with port lines  for  handshaking  or  software
          driven UARTS, etc..

          The RS-422 standard represents a relatively new interface now com-
          ing into popularity, and with good reason.  Unlike the RS-232 re-
          quirements  which  specify  a  single  wire  voltage transmission
          referenced to ground, the RS-422 standard uses a voltage differen-
          tial on a pair of conductors.   While the RS-232 at full  volatge
          drive  levels  in electrically noisy environments is barely reli-
          able at distances to 1000 feet,  RS-422  signals  are  considered
          reliable at distances up to 4000 feet.   The 422 drivers operate,
          requiring only a single sided 5 Volt supply,  over twisted  pairs
          of  wires.    A  full  duplex  connection for RS-422 requires two
          twisted pairs, one for transmit, one for recieve.

          The RS-485 interface uses the same specifications for its  trans-
          mitters and receivers.  It, however, allows a single twisted pair
          to  be  used  for  incoming  and outgoing messages.   This is ac-
          complished by having both a transmitter (with 3  state  abiltity)
          and  a reciever tied in parallel to the same twisted pair.   Mul-
          tiple drop point communications are possible  under  this  scheme
          (up to 64 pairs by specification).  Of course, in application the
          transmitter  turns  on  and takes control of the lines only under
          software control.   The actual implemmentation  of  this  control

                                          7




          will  be  determined by the particular protocol being used in the
          communication network.  Usually one master sends an addresses mes-
          sage to one of multiple slaves and  then  turns  off  its  master
          transmitter.   The addressed slave,  recognizing its address will
          turn on its transmitter and respond with the requested data.

          These two interfaces are accomodated on the  "100  Squared"TM  by
          the  addition  of  two  8  pin  75176's,  which  each  contain  a
          transmitter/receiver pair.   Whether the transmitter of the  pair
          is active,  or not, is controlled by a signal on one of its pins.


          One of the 75176's (U11) has its receiver always enabled.   It is
          used  exclusively as the RS-422 receiver.   The other 75176 (U12)
          can be used as the RS-422 transmitter if jumper  C  on  the  "100
          Squared"TM  is grounded (ie: in 422 position),  or it can be used
          as the receiver and transmitter for the RS-485 interface as  con-
          trolled  by  PA3  (ie: in 485 position).   In this case if PA3 is
          high,  the 75176's transmitter is not active.   If PA3 is low its
          transmitter is active.

          The RS-422/485 interface circuit is shown below.



































                                          8




                                     POWER SUPPLY

          The  power  supply  circuit on the "100 Squared"TM is designed to
          allow the board to operate from a simple AC wall transformer.  It
          has three major sub circuits - rectification,  regulation and  DC
          to  DC conversion.   Rev 2.x added battery backup capabilities to
          the 28 pin JEDEC sockets and the F68HC11 internal RAM, and an im-
          proved power-up power-down reset circuit.






















          The bridge rectifier converts the AC to DC.   The 7805  regulates
          this rectified incoming voltage to a constant 5 Volts.

          The most unusual feature of the power supply is the use of the DC
          to DC converter,  the ICL 7660.   On NMIx-002x boards the 7660 is
          fed from the 5 Volt rail.  The two voltages are used to power the
          RS-232 converter circuit.  This means the maximum output from the
          RS-232 converter would be + and - 5 Volts.

          The upper limit of +V is set by the ability of the 7805  to  dis-
          sipate  heat.   If a heat sink is added to the 7805,  voltages in
          excess of 20 Volts are possible.    Driving  the  7805  to  hard,
          however,  will cause it to enter thermal overload and "shut down"
          its output.

          The typical current required by the "100 Squared"TM with 8K  CMOS
          RAM and the Max-FORTH ROM at 2 Mhz from 9 VAC is 20 ma.

          The power terminal,  J3, can be used as an alternate power source
          instead of the AC supply.  The 5 Volts applied at the terminal is
          also applied to the 7660.  The 5 Volt +/- rails are usually suffi-
          cient to generate more than the +/- 3 Volts needed  to  meet  the
          RS-232  specification.   Some terminals,  however,  may not fully
          meet those requirements.

                              BATTERY BACK UP AND RESET

                                          9




                                   (Rev 2.x only)

          The battery backup capability added to the Rev 2.x boards to  al-
          low data retention in otherwise volitale CMOS RAMs and the proces-
          sors  own  internal RAM through main board power downs.   A third
          terminal has been added to the power connector,  J3,  marked  VBB
          for Voltage Battery Backup.

          The VBB terminal on J3 is connected to the VBB supply rail on the
          board  by diode,  D1.   The VBB supply rail supplied the three 28
          pin JEDEC sockets,  the 8054HN low voltage indicator in the reset
          circuit, the 74HC00 gate and the 74HC138 decoder.  If no power is
          applied to the VBB terminal, the VBB rail is supplied through the
          intrinsic diode of P channel FET,  Q1,  to within a diode drop of
          the suppling 5 volt rail (~4.4 Volts).  When the 8054HN low volt-
          age indicator releases the reset line,  Q1 is turned on  and  the
          VBB  comes almost completely up to the 5 volt rail (~4.95 Volts).
          (This may cause some problem with the Dallas Semiconductor DS1223
          battery sockets,  as they "write  protect"  their  RAMs  at  4.75
          Volts.  Running an elevated 5 Volt supply may be necessary to ac-
          comodate  these  parts.    The  purpose  of  this new feature is,
          however, to do away with the need for those devices in final sys-
          tem configurations.)

          When the 8054HN low voltage indicator holds the  reset  line  low
          (when  VBB is below 3.8-4.2 Volts),  Q1 is turned off and the ad-
          dress decoder is disabled through the same input that is used  by
          MEMDIS.    This  "access"  protects the memories during the power
          down cycle.

          To meet the full letter of the specifications of  the  parts  in-
          volved  the  correct  backup  voltage on the VBB pin is critical.
          This supply must be low enough to ensure  that  after  the  diode
          drop of D1,  the VBB rail cause the 8054HN to issue a reset (~4.0
          Volts),  otherwise Q1 will remain on and the whole system will be
          powered by VBB.  It must also be high enough to ensure that after
          the  diode drop of D1,  the VBB rail will meet the processors re-
          quired backup volatge (listed as  4.0  Volts).    Therefore,  the
          ideal voltage for the VBB supply is 4.3-4.5 Volts.   It should be
          pointed out however that the Motorola specification appears to be
          overly conservative.   By empirical test,  VBB supplies  below  3
          Volts  appear  to be quite adequate.   Most CMOS RAMs will retain
          data down to 2.2 Volts.  Accounting for the diode drop under such
          low currents, the VBB supply may work as low as 2.5 Volts.

          The proccess battery backup supply enters the chip via  the  MODB
          pin.    Jumper  block  D controls the setting of MODB,  either to
          ground or to VBB.   For backup of the processor's RAM to be  suc-
          cessful  jumpers  D  and E must be in the Single Chip or Expanded
          Multiplexed settings.  When the VBB supply is used on the proces-
          sor, it will retain its User Area through power down and remember
          its linkages to the external FORTH dictionary.





                                         10




                                  ADDRESS DECODING

          The chip selects of the three JEDEC sockets are  generated  by  a
          74HC138.    When jumpers A and B are in the 8K position,  address
          lines A15 to A13 are brought to this part.   This means that each
          of  the  eight  generated chip selects represent a single 8K byte
          segment out of the 64K byte memory map.

          When jumpers A and B are in the 16K position,  address lines  A15
          and  A14 are brought to this part.   The A13 is held high.   This
          means that the upper four  generated  chip  selects  represent  a
          single 16K byte segment out of the 64K byte memory map.

          When  jumpers A and B are in the 32K position,  address lines A15
          alone controls the part.   The A14 and A13 are held high.    This
          means  that  each  of  the two upper chip selects represent a 32K
          byte segments out of the 64K byte memory map.

          Two other signals control the decoder - Address Strobe  (AS)  and
          On Board Memory Disable (MEMDIS).  The Address Strobe (AS) signal
          must be active low before any chip selects are enabled.   This is
          the processor's signal indicating the address on the bus is valid
          for the off-chip memory.   The On Board Memory  Disable  (MEMDIS)
          signal allows an offboard open collector source to disable the on
          board decoder,  so offboard components can usurp a memory segment
          from on board memory,  even if the entire 64K is filled with  RAM
          on the main board.

                               74HC138
                  A13 A +5V  +----u----+
                   o  o  o --|A     Vcc|-+5V  +------+
                  A14 B +5V  |         |      |      |   ______________
                   o  o  o --|B      O0|-O0---| o  o |-+-U2 CHIP SELECT
                             |         |      |      | |
            REV 2.x      A15-|C      O1|-O1---| o  o |-+
            __ v           _ |_        |      |      | |
            AS             E-|E      O2|-O2---| o  o |-+
            MEMDIS        __ |_        |      |      | |
              +           AS-|E      O3|-O3---| o  o |-+
            RESET     ______ |         |      |      | |
            E         MEMDIS-|E      O4|-O4---| o  o |-+
                             |         |      |      |   ______________
                      +---O7-|O7     O5|-O5---| o  o |-+-U3 CHIP SELECT
                      |      |         |      |      | |
                      |  GND-|GND    O6|-O6---| o  o |-+
                      |      +---------+      |      |   ______________
                      +-----------------------| *--* |---U4 CHIP SELECT
                                              +------+
          * Rev 1.0 boards do not have a jumper block in this postion -  U4
          Chip  Select  is  hard  wired to the socket.   On 2.x boards this
          jumper block is installed - the jumpered connection of  the  high
          order chip select to U4 is user selectable.





                                         11




                                   TROUBLESHOOTING

          As  always the first thing to do when troubleshooting is to check
          the power and ground connections.  An oscilliscope should be used
          to check signals.   The heat sink of the  7805  is  a  convenient
          place  to  hook a ground clip.   If +5 Volts is present at J3 and
          the board is not operational, the next item to check is the oscil-
          lator.   Putting the scope on EXTAL (Pin 7) should show a  8  Mhz
          sine wave (4 Mhz F68HC11 parts running 4 Mhz XTAL's) running from
          about  .5  Volt  lows  to  4.5 Volt peaks.   XTAL (F68HC11 Pin 8)
          should have an identical signal, but of a much smaller amplitude.
          If the sine waves are not present  and there is 5V present at the
          power pin Vcc (Pins 26), and ground at Vss (Pin 52),  then either
          the  F68HC11  or  the  crystal  are  bad and require replacement.
          There is one exception.  If the processor has executed a STOP in-
          struction,  the oscillator will stop.   When  the  oscillator  is
          functioning  correctly  a 2 Mhz (1 Mhz) clean running square wave
          should be present at the E output (Pin 5).   The E signal  drives
          the timing for all external memory transfers.  This signal should
          transition  nearly  rail to rail,  a 0.4V low and a 4.6V high are
          normal.   Less amplitude can indicate a board short or an  exces-
          sive load on the line external to the F68HC11.

          The  serial channel should send a sign on message if no autostart
          ROM interferes.   If not,  the reset circuit could  be  bad,  the
          serial converter could have failed, or the F68HC11 could be defec-
          tive.    With  the  reset  button  depressed the RES pin (Pin 17)
          should be at ground.   When release,  the pin should  rise  to  5
          Volts in about a quarter second.  If the reset pin is working and
          still no message is seen on the terminal,  check PD1,  the serial
          output line (Pin 33).  When reset is exercised,  this line should
          go  from  normally  high through a multitude of toggles back to a
          high state.   The periods of the toggle transitions are multiples
          of  approximately  100  microseconds.    If  this  signal  is not
          present, and there are no user ROMs in the board,  the F68HC11 is
          suspect.  If the signal is present, check pin 3 of the DB25F con-
          nector.    It  should  normally be at -V (-5 Volts nominally) and
          should toggle to +V (+5 Volts nominally) at the same rate as  the
          serial output line.  If this is happening and no message is seen,
          the RS-232 wiring or the terminal is suspect.  Check to see if J1
          is connected to the DB25F RS-232 connector as follows:

                          DB25F Signal Name
                          ----- ------ ----
                            1   Case ground
                            2   Serial in  (to   "100 Squared"TM)
                            3   Serial out (from "100 Squared"TM)
                            7   Electrical ground

          Check the voltages on pins 2 and 3. If pin 3 is very negative and
          pin  2  is floating,  both systems are trying to talk on the same
          line.   Pins 2 and 3 need to be swapped.   Usually this  is  done
          with a "null modem" inserted where the two systems connect.




                                         12




          If the -V/+V signal was not found at pin 3,  the RS-232 converter
          is not working.   Check pin 1 of the 145406 for +V and pin  8  of
          the 145406 for -V.   If -V is not present at the -V pin, the 7660
          has failed.   Pin 7 of the 145406,  the output,  should look  the
          same as pin 3 of J1.

          Check pin 2 of J1 which is the serial into the board from the ter-
          minal.    It  should normally be at a negative voltage between -3
          and -15 Volts.   When a key is pressed on the terminal it  should
          pulse  to  positive  voltages  between  +3 and +15 Volts.   If it
          doesn't, the terminal or the RS-232 wiring are suspect.  The same
          signals at inverted TTL levels,  should also be at PD0,  which is
          the serial input line of the processor (Pin 34).

          The most common error in trying to use the "100 Squared"TM is mis-
          matched baud rates or bit settings.   Verify that the terminal is
          set for 9600 baud with one start bit,  eigth data  bits  and  one
          stop bits,  with no parity generated.  (Review this discussion in
          the Getting Started section.)






































                                         13




                                     MEMORY MAP

                        K#  HEX
                        --  -----
                        64  $FFFF  +------------+
                        63         |  RUN TIME  |
                        62         |   KERNEL   |
                        61         |            |
                        60         |NON RUN TIME| Max-FORTH ROM
                        59         |   CODES    |
                        58         |            |
                        57         |   HEADS    |
                        56  $E000  |____________|
                            $DFFF  |            |
                                   |            |
                                   |            |
                                   |            |
                                   |            |
                                   |            |
                                   |            |
                                   |            |
                                   |            |
                                   |            |
                                   |            |
                                   |            |
                                   |            |
                                   |            |
                                   |            |
                                   |            |
                                   |            |
                                   |            |
                                   |            |
                                   |            |
                            $B800  |____________|
                            $B600  |____________|EEPROM
                                   |            |
                                   |            |
                            $B000  |============| REGISTERS
                                   |            |
                                   |            |
                                   ~            ~



                                   ~            ~
                                   |            |
                                   |            |
                         5         |            |
                         4  $1000  |$0B_AT_$103B|
                         3  $C000  |            |
                         2  $0800  |            |
                         1  $0400  |            |
                         0  $0000  +ON=CHIP=RAM=+




                                         14




                            "100 SQUARED"TM DOCUMENTATION
                                MISCELLANEOUS JUMPERS




          #         SOURCE              DESTINATION              NORMALLY
          --------  ------------------  -----------------------  --------
          A
            A13-A   ADDRESS LINE 13     ADDRESS DECODER INPUT
            A-5     +5 VOLT RAIL
          B
            A13-A   ADDRESS LINE 13     ADDRESS DECODER INPUT
            A-5     +5 VOLT RAIL
          C
            O0-U2   DECODER OUTPUT 0    U2 JEDEC SOCKET
            O1-U2   DECODER OUTPUT 1    U2 JEDEC SOCKET
            O2-U2   DECODER OUTPUT 2    U2 JEDEC SOCKET
            O3-U2   DECODER OUTPUT 3    U2 JEDEC SOCKET
            O4-U2   DECODER OUTPUT 4    U2 JEDEC SOCKET
            O5-U3   DECODER OUTPUT 5    U3 JEDEC SOCKET
            O6-U3   DECODER OUTPUT 6    U3 JEDEC SOCKET
            O7-U4   DECODER OUTPUT 7    U4 JEDEC SOCKET *
          D
            GND-D   GROUND              MODB PIN                 OPEN
            D-5     MODB PIN            +5 VOLT RAIL                 CLOSED

          E
            GND-E   GROUND              MODA PIN                 OPEN
            E-5     MODA PIN            +5 VOLT RAIL             CLOSED
          F
            XIRQ-B  NMI                 INT FROM J4              OPEN
            B-IRQ   INT FROM J4         PA3 EDGE SENSITIVE LINE  OPEN
          G
            485-C   PA3                 U12 PINS 2 & 3
            C-422   U12 PINS 2 & 3      GROUND
          I
            U2      U2 PIN 27 R/W LINE  U2 PIN 28 SUPPLY         OPEN**
          J
            U3      U3 PIN 27 R/W LINE  U3 PIN 28 SUPPLY         OPEN**
          K
            U4      U4 PIN 27 R/W LINE  U4 PIN 28 SUPPLY         OPEN**


          *  Rev 1.0 is hard wired to U4, Rev 2.x is jumper selectable

          ** Rev 2.x has option of pullups on R/W lines to write protect
             RAMs in socket.  To use install 100K pullup resistor & remove
             jumper from 28 pin JEDEC selection socket for pin 27.
             If battery backup is in use, RAM will then emulate ROM.







                                         15




                            "100 SQUARED"TM DOCUMENTATION
                               GENERAL PURPOSE SOCKET

                     Jumper Assignments for JEDEC 28 Pin Sockets

                                                                 +---+
                     JUMPER  1 o                    o 28 +5      | o | *
                                                                 |   |
                        A12  2 o                    o 27 JUMPER  | o |
                                                                 +---+
                         A7  3 o                    o 26 JUMPER

                         A6  4 o                    o 25 A8

                         A5  5 o                    o 24 A9

                         A4  6 o                    o 23 A11

                         A3  7 o                    o 22 OE

                         A2  8 o                    o 21 A10
                                                         ___________
                         A1  9 o                    o 20 CHIP SELECT

                         A0 10 o                    o 19 D7

                         D0 11 o                    o 18 D6

                         D1 12 o                    o 17 D5

                         D2 13 o                    o 16 D4

                        GND 14 o                    o 15 D3

                                PIN 1   PIN 26  PIN 27
                                O---O   O---O   O---O

                                O   O   O   O   O   O
                               A14 +5  +5  A13 A14 RR/W

          *    Rev  2.x has option of pullups on R/W lines to write protect
          RAMs in socket.   To use,  install 100K pullup resistor &  remove
          jumper for pin 27.   If battery back up is in use,  RAM will then
          emulate ROM.













                                         16




                            "100 SQUARED"TM DOCUMENTATION
                         GENERAL PURPOSE SOCKET - U6, U7, U8

                Jumper Settings for Standard JEDEC 24/28 Pin Devices

                                 ALL 8K X 8 DEVICES
                                        2764
                                        2864
                                        6264

                               PIN 1   PIN 26  PIN 27
                              +---+---+---+---+---+---+
                              |   | X | X |   |   | X | *
                              |   | X | X |   |   | X |
                              +---+---+---+---+---+---+
                               A14 +5V +5V A13 A14 RR/W



                                    16K X 8 EPROM
                                        27128
                               PIN 1   PIN 26  PIN 27
                              +---+---+---+---+---+---+
                              |   | X |   | X |   | X |
                              |   | X |   | X |   | X |
                              +---+---+---+---+---+---+
                               A14 +5V +5V A13 A14 RR/W



                                    32K X 8 EPROM
                                        27256
                               PIN 1   PIN 26  PIN 27
                              +---+---+---+---+---+---+
                              |   | X |   | X | X |   |
                              |   | X |   | X | X |   |
                              +---+---+---+---+---+---+
                               A14 +5V +5V A13 A14 RR/W



                                     32K X 8 RAM
                                        62256
                               PIN 1   PIN 26  PIN 27
                              +---+---+---+---+---+---+
                              | X |   |   | X |   | X | *
                              | X |   |   | X |   | X |
                              +---+---+---+---+---+---+
                               A14 +5V +5V A13 A14 RR/W

          *  Rev 2.x has option of pullups on R/W lines  to  write  protect
          RAMs  in socket.   To use,  install 100K pullup resistor & remove
          jumper for pin 27.   If battery backup is in use,  RAM will  then
          emulate ROM.



                                         17




                            "100 SQUARED"TM DOCUMENTATION
                         GENERAL PURPOSE SOCKET - U6, U7, U8

                   Jumper Settings for Various Addressing Schemes


                                    3  8K DEVICES

                        A13 A +5V
                       +---------+
                       | XXXX  o |
                       +---------+  8K POSITION
                       | XXXX  o |
                       +---------+
                        A14 B +5V

                          C
                       +------+      ___________ 0000
          0000-1FFF O0 | XXXX |-+-U2 CHIP SELECT ----
                       |      | |                1FFF
          2000-3FFF O1 | o  o |-+
                       |      | |
          4000-5FFF O2 | o  o |-+
                       |      | |
          6000-7FFF O3 | o  o |-+
                       |      | |
          8000-9FFF O4 | o  o |-+
                       |      |      ___________ C000
          A000-BFFF O5 | o  o |-+-U3 CHIP SELECT ----
                       |      | |                DFFF
          C000-DFFF O6 | XXXX |-+
                       |      |      ___________ E000
          E000-FFFF O7 | *--* |---U4 CHIP SELECT ----
                       +------+                  FFFF


          * Rev 1.0 is hard wired to U4, Rev 2.x is jumper selectable




















                                         18






                                   3  16K DEVICES

                        A13 A +5V
                       +---------+
                       | o  XXXX |
                       +---------+ 16K POSITION
                       | XXXX  o |
                       +---------+
                        A14 B +5V

                          C
                       +------+
                    O0 | o  o |-+
                       |      | |    ___________ 0000
          0000-3FFF O1 | XXXX |-+-U2 CHIP SELECT ----
                       |      | |                3FFF
                    O2 | o  o |-+
                       |      | |
          4000-7FFF O3 | o  o |-+
                       |      | |
                    O4 | o  o |-+
                       |      |      ___________ 8000 **
          8000-BFFF O5 | XXXX |-+-U3 CHIP SELECT ----
                       |      | |                BFFF
                    O6 | o  o |-+
                       |      |      ___________ C000
          C000-FFFF O7 | *--* |---U4 CHIP SELECT ----
                       +------+                  FFFF


          *  Rev 1.0 is hard wired to U4, Rev 2.x is jumper selectable
          ** See appnote on PRU overmapping cautions























                                         19





                                   2  32K DEVICES


                        A13 A +5V
                       +---------+
                       | o  XXXX |
                       +---------+ 32K POSITION
                       | o  XXXX |
                       +---------+
                        A14 B +5V

                          C
                       +------+
                    O0 | o  o |-+
                       |      | |
                    O1 | o  o |-+
                       |      | |
                    O2 | o  o |-+
                       |      | |    ___________ 0000
          0000-7FFF O3 | XXXX |-+-U2 CHIP SELECT ----
                       |      | |                7FFF
                    O4 | o  o |-+
                       |      |      ___________
                    O5 | o  o |-+-U3 CHIP SELECT ----
                       |      | |
                    O6 | o  o |-+
                       |      |      ___________ 8000 **
          8000-FFFF O7 | *--* |---U4 CHIP SELECT ----
                       +------+                  FFFF


          *  Rev 1.0 is hard wired to U4, Rev 2.x is jumper selectable
          ** See appnote on PRU overmapping cautions























                                         20




                            "100 SQUARED"TM DOCUMENTATION
                            SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT JACKS J1

                                      TOP VIEW
                               NUMBERED LEFT TO RIGHT

                      1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13 14
                      ----------------------------------------
                      o  o  o  o  o  o  o  o  o  o  o  o  o  o



          DB25F  J1  Signal Name
          ----- ---  -----------------------------
                 1   Spare RS-232 in
                 2   Spare RS-232 out
                 3   Spare RS-232 in
                 4   Spare RS-232 out
             1   5   Case ground
             2   6   Serial into "100 Squared"TM
             3   7   Serial out of "100 Squared"TM
             7   8   Electrical ground
                 9   Reset line in or out
                10   Electrical ground
                11   RS-422 Receive + Differential input or 485 xcv
                12   RS-422 Receive - Differential input or 485 xcv
                13   RS-422 Receive + Differential output
                14   RS-422 Receive - Differential output





























                                         21




                            "100 SQUARED"TM DOCUMENTATION
                                INPUT/OUTPUT JACKS J2

                                       TOP VIEW
                FRONT (EDGE) OF CARD v
                                  - X PA7 o o PA6 O
                                  | O PA5 o o PA4 O
                                  | O PA3 o o PA2 I
                                  | I PA1 o o PA0 I
                  20 pin header   |    +5 o o +5
                  group           |   GND o o GND
                                  | O PB7 o o PB6 O
                                  | O PB5 o o PB4 O
                                  | O PB3 o o PB2 O
                                  - O PB1 o o PB0 O
                                       +5 o o +5
                                      GND o o GND
                                  - X PC7 o o PC6 X
                                  | X PC5 o o PC4 X
                                  | X PC3 o o PC2 X
                                  | X PC1 o o PC0 X
                                  |    +5 o o +5
                                  |   GND o o GND
                                  | O PD7 o o PD6 I
                                  | X PD5 o o PD4 X
                  34 pin header   | X PD3 o o PD2 X
                  group           | X PD1 o o PD0 X
                                  |    +5 o o +5
                                  |   GND o o GND
                                  | I PE7 o o PE6 I
                                  | I PE5 o o PE4 I
                                  | I PE3 o o PE2 I
                                  | I PE1 o o PE0 I
                                  -    +5 o o +5
                                      GND o o GND

                              I=INPUT O=OUTPUT X=EITHER

            F68HC11 "100 SQUARED"TM NMIX-0021/2/3 REV 1.0 & 2.x 11/13/87


















                                         22




                            "100 SQUARED"TM DOCUMENTATION
                                  EXPANSION JACK J4






                               MEMDIS o o  N.C.
                                 E    o o  RST
                                 A15  o o  INT
                                 A14  o o  +5
                                 A12  o o  R/W
                                 A7   o o  A13
                                 A6   o o  A8
                                 A5   o o  A9
                                 A4   o o  A11
                                 A3   o o  OE
                                 A2   o o  A10
                                 A1   o o  AS
                                 A0   o o  D7
                                 D0   o o  D6
                                 D1   o o  D5
                                 D2   o o  D4
                                 GND  o o  D3



          The J4 expansion connector was designed to follow the JEDEC stan-
          dard  for  byte  sized  memory  parts  in the 8,  16 and 32K Byte
          varieties.   The J4 connector on these boards are  made  to  most
          closely match the more recently available 32K JEDEC parts.

























                                         23




                                   NEW MICROS, INC.
            NMIX-0021/2 F68HC11 "100 SQUARED"TM PARTS LIST REV 1.0 & 2.x

          PART#     GENERIC             DESCRIPTION
          -----     ------------------- -----------------------------------
          U1        52 PIN SOCKET
                    F68HC11             FORTH CPU
          U2        28 PIN SOCKET
                    2064                8K x 8 RAM
          U3        28 PIN SOCKET
          U4        28 PIN SOCKET
                    2064/20256          OPTIONAL MEMORIES U4,5
          U5        44 PIN SOCKET
                    F68HC24 PRU         PRT RPLCMNT UNT (NMIX-0022 ONLY)
          U6        8 PIN SOCKET
                    7660                DC/DC CONVERTER
          U7        14 PIN SOCKET
                    74HC00              NAND GATE
          U8        16 PIN SOCKET
                    74HC138             ADDRESS DECODING PROM
          U9        20 PIN SOCKET
                    74HC373             8 BIT LATCH
          U10       16 PIN SOCKET
                    145406              RS-232 CONVERTOR
          U11,12    8 PIN SOCKETS
                    75176               RS-422/485 DRIVERS
          Y1        8 MHZ XTAL
          J3        SCREW TERMINAL      2 PIN .194" CONN (Rev 1.0 only)
          J3        SCREW TERMINAL      3 PIN .194" CONN (Rev 2.x only)
          J4        34 PIN VSC HEADER   .1" DUAL INLINE
          R0        10K                 1/8 WATT RESISTOR (Rev 2.x only)
          R1        1Meg                1/8 WATT RESISTOR
          R2-5      10K                 1/8 WATT RESISTOR
          R6        10K                 1/8 WATT RESISTOR (Rev 1.0 only)
          C1,2      220uf               16V ELECTROLYTIC CAP
          C3,4      10uf                16V ELECTROLYTIC CAP
          C5        10uf                16V ELECTROLYTIC CAP (Rev 1.0 only)
          C6,7      20 pf               CERAMIC DISC
          C8-14     .1uf                MONOLYTHIC BYPASS
          C15       .1uf                MONOLYTHIC BYPASS (Rev 2.x only)
          LVI1      8054HN              POWER ON RESET MONITOR (Rev 2.x)
          Q1        VP0300L             P CHANNEL FET (Rev 2.x only)
          D1        1N4148 OR 1N914     SIGNAL DIODE
          CR1       VM08                BRIDGE RECTIFIER
          VR1       7805                5V REGULATOR
          PCB       100 SQUARED         NMIX-0021/2/3 PCB REV 1.0 or 2.x
                    JUMPER PINS         BERG STYLE .1" CENTER JUMPERS
                    JUMPER SHUNTS       BERG STYLE .1" CENTER SHUNTS
          S1        MOMENTARY PUSH      RESET SWITCH
                    9V WALL PLUG        A.C. POWER TRANSFORMER
                    CASE                ALUMINUM EXTRUDED METAL CASE
                    FRONT PANEL         ALUMINUM MOUNTING FACE PLATE
                    BACK PANEL          STEEL BLACK END PLATE




                                         24




                                   NEW MICROS, INC.
            NMIT-0021/2 F68HC11 "GENERIC TARGET COMPUTER"TM PARTS LIST
                                    REV 1.0 & 2.x

          PART#     GENERIC             DESCRIPTION
          -----     ------------------- -----------------------------------
          U1        52 PIN SOCKET
                    F68HC11             FORTH CPU
          U2        28 PIN SOCKET
          U3        28 PIN SOCKET
          U4        28 PIN SOCKET
          U5        44 PIN SOCKET
                    F68HC24 PRU         PRT RPLCMNT UNT (NMIX-0022 ONLY)
          U7        14 PIN SOCKET
                    74HC00              NAND GATE
          U8        16 PIN SOCKET
                    74HC138             ADDRESS DECODING PROM
          U9        20 PIN SOCKET
                    74HC373             8 BIT LATCH
          Y1        8 OR 4 MHZ XTAL
          R0        10K                 1/8 WATT RESISTOR (Rev 2.x only)
          R1        1Meg                1/8 WATT RESISTOR
          R2-5      10K                 1/8 WATT RESISTOR
          R6        10K                 1/8 WATT RESISTOR (Rev 1.0 only)
          C6,7      20 pf               CERAMIC DISC
          C9-13     .1uf                MONOLYTHIC BYPASS
          C15       .1uf                MONOLYTHIC BYPASS (Rev 2.x only)
          LVI1      8054HN              POWER ON RESET MONITOR (Rev 2.x)
          Q1        VP0300L             P CHANNEL FET (Rev 2.x only)
          D1        1N4148 OR 1N914     SIGNAL DIODE
          PCB       100 SQUARED         NMIX-0021/2/3 PCB REV 1.0 or 2.x


























                                         25




                            NMIX-0022 REV 1.0 SILKSCREEN
























































                                         26




                            NMIX-0022 REV 2.x SILKSCREEN
























































                                         27




                         NMIX-0023 REV 1.0 & 2.x MECHANICALS
























































                                         28




                                 "schematic REV 1.0"
























































                                         29




                                 "schematic REV 2.x"
























































                                         30




                            "100 SQUARED"TM DOCUMENTATION
                                  APPLICATION NOTE

                CONNECTING A PARALLEL PRINTER TO THE "100 SQUARED"TM

          Being  able  to keep a hard copy of entered or displayed text can
          be a very desirable feature during  development.    Further,  the
          ability  to  make written reports from a run time application may
          be required of the finished system.  The hook-up below shows con-
          nections between the  "100  SQUARED"TM  and  a  Centronics  style
          printer.

          This  example  works only on the NMIX and NMIT-0022 with the Port
          Replacement Unit installed.


                       PRINTER   SIGNAL CABLE      J2  F68HC11
                       CONNECTOR NAME   CONDUCTOR      68HC24
                       PIN #            NUMBER     34  SIGNAL
                       --------- ------ ---------  --  ------
                         1        STB      1       13  STRB (PD7)
                           19     GND      2       11  GND
                         2        D0       3        8  PC0
                           20     GND      4           GND
                         3        D1       5        7  PC1
                           21     GND      6           GND
                         4        D2       7        6  PC2
                           22     GND      8           GND
                         5        D3       9        5  PC3
                           23     GND     10           GND
                         6        D4      11        4  PC4
                           24     GND     12           GND
                         7        D5      13        3  PC5
                           25     GND     14           GND
                         8        D6      15        2  PC6
                           26     GND     16           GND
                         9        D7      17        1  PC7
                           27     GND     18           GND
                        10        ACK     19       14  STRA (PD6)
                           28     GND     20           GND
                        11-18     N.C.
                        29-36     N.C.















                                         31




                            "100 SQUARED"TM DOCUMENTATION
                                  APPLICATION NOTE

                              INTEL FORMAT DUMP COMMAND

          The following program allows a section of memory to be dumped out
          the serial channel in the Intel hex format which  is  a  standard
          used  by  many  of  the  commercially available PROM programmers.
          This program should allow the use of such programmers to  capture
          programs and data in EPROMs, which are not supported for program-
          ming by the "100 SQUARED"TM directly.

          HEX

          VARIABLE CHKSUM

          : CE DUP A < IF 30 ELSE 37 THEN + EMIT ; ( CONVERT AND EMIT )
          : 2.R FF AND 10 /MOD CE CE ;
          : 4.R 0 100 UM/MOD 2.R 2.R ;

          : INTEL-DUMP ( addr count --- )
            OVER + SWAP ( CONVERTS ADDR & COUNT TO UPPER, LOWER ADDR )
            BEGIN
              CR
              2DUP 20 + MIN ( MAKE NEXT LINE OF OUTPUT UP TO 32 BYTES LONG)
              SWAP ( BRING UP START ADDRESS, MOVE DOWN END ADDRESS )
              ." :" ( BEGIN THE RECORD )
              2DUP - ( FIND OUT # OF BYTES IN THIS RECORD )
              DUP CHKSUM ! ( BEGIN CHKSUM COMPUTATION )
              2.R ( PRINT # OF BYTES IN RECORD IN TWO DIGIT FIELD )
              DUP 100 /MOD + CHKSUM +! ( ADD START ADDRESS TO CHKSUM )
              DUP 4.R ( PRINT START ADDRESS IN FOUR DIGIT FIELD )
              ." 00" ( PRINT RECORD TYPE, NO NEED TO ADD TO CHKSUM )
              >R DUP R> ( MAKE START STOP #S FOR DO LOOP )
              DO
                I C@ 2.R ( PRINT HEX BYTE IN TWO DIGIT FIELD )
                I C@ CHKSUM +! ( UPDATE CHKSUM )
              LOOP
              CHKSUM @ FF AND NEGATE 2.R ( PRINT CHKSUM NEG 2 DIGIT FIELD )
              2DUP =
            UNTIL ( KEEP GOING TILL LINE END IS = TO BLOCK END )
            CR ." :00000001FF" CR ( TACK ON END RECORD )
            2DROP
          ;

          Program  and application courtesy of Danny Barger,  International
          Computing Scale.










                                         32




                            "100 SQUARED"TM DOCUMENTATION
                                  APPLICATION NOTE

          Special consideration needs to be given to the  address  require-
          ments  of the Port Replacement Part (PRU) if it is optionally in-
          stalled in a board by the user.   Since the PRU  is  outside  the
          F68HC11, it must compete for its address space with other devices
          on the bus,  while the internal registers do not.  It is possible
          to accidentally "over-map" the 68HC11 PRU with  another  external
          memory  device  unless  some care is given to where the Max-FORTH
          system is mapping its registers.

          Particular care must be taken when setting one  of  these  boards
          for  the 32K addressing mode which will always cause problems for
          the upper 32K device and the PRU.   Generally the 8K address mode
          is  the  safest  mode to use when a PRU is installed,  if care is
          given to the U2 jumper to prohibit "over-mapping".

          In Max-FORTH revisions x.1  (and  prior)  the  registers  are  at
          $9000.  Later revisions put the registers at $B000.  Only address
          lines A15 - A11 are attached to the PRU,  so it will over map a 2
          Kbyte area (i.e.  9000-97FF or B000-B7FF) with a skipping pattern
          that  repeats  every  64  (40 hex) locations corresponding to the
          registers it provides.

          An off board address decoder could be  used  to  disable  the  on
          board memory using MEMDIS.   It would need to generate a low sig-
          nal on MEMDIS when ever there was any address  in  the  area  oc-
          cupied by the PRU.   In this way the memories in the 28 pin sock-
          ets would be "notched out" to allow the PRU to function normally.

                                      74HC688
                                    +_---u----+
                                GND-|E     Vcc|-+5V
                                    |      ___| ______
                                GND-|A0    A=B|-MEMDIS
                                    |         |
                                GND-|B0     B7|-+5V
                                    |         |
                                GND-|A1     A7|-A15
                                    |         |
                                GND-|B1     B6|-GND
                                    |         |
                                GND-|A2     A6|-A14
                                    |         |
                                GND-|B2     B5|-+5V
                                    |         |
                                A11-|A3     A5|-A13
                                    |         |
                                GND-|B3     B4|-+5V
                                    |         |
                                GND-|GND    A4|-A12
                                    +---------+
          Above 74HC688 detects addresses B000-B7FF and controls MEMDIS.



                                         33
